The Ministry of Economic Affairs’ Intellectual Property Office (TIPO) recently stated that “game mechanics” and “methods of operation” in video games do not fall within the scope of copyright protection. In an email clarification (Ref. No. 1141208), TIPO explained that under the Copyright Act, protection is limited to specific “expressions” that are original and creative in the fields of literature, science, or art. Conversely, the underlying ideas, principles, methods of operation, or game rules are excluded from protection. 

Therefore, even if a game’s system or gameplay resembles another title, this similarity alone does not constitute copyright infringement. TIPO further noted that elements featuring original expression—such as character designs, card illustrations, storylines, and descriptive text—remain protected. While utilizing another game’s characters or text without authorization may infringe copyright, mere similarities in gameplay, progression, or overall structure do not. 

The Bureau emphasized that while creators should respect others’ expressions, they are free to innovate upon existing concepts. This clarification defines the boundary between creativity and imitation in the gaming industry, providing important policy guidance for developers and reducing potential disputes over similar game concepts.